landscapemetrics (version 1.4.4)

lsm_p_para: PARA (patch level)

Description

Perimeter-Area ratio (Shape metric)

Usage

lsm_p_para(landscape, directions)
# S3 method for RasterLayer
lsm_p_para(landscape, directions = 8)
# S3 method for RasterStack
lsm_p_para(landscape, directions = 8)
# S3 method for RasterBrick
lsm_p_para(landscape, directions = 8)
# S3 method for stars
lsm_p_para(landscape, directions = 8)
# S3 method for list
lsm_p_para(landscape, directions = 8)

Arguments

landscape

Raster* Layer, Stack, Brick or a list of rasterLayers.

directions

The number of directions in which patches should be connected: 4 (rook's case) or 8 (queen's case).

Value

tibble

Details

$$PARA = \frac{p_{ij}} {a_{ij}}$$ where \(p_{ij}\) is the perimeter in meters and \(a_{ij}\) is the area in square meters.

PARA is a 'Shape metric'. It describes the patch complexity in a straightforward way. However, because it is not standarised to a certain shape (e.g. a square), it is not scale independent, meaning that increasing the patch size while not changing the patch form will change the ratio.

Units

None

Range

PARA > 0

Behaviour

Increases, without limit, as the shape complexity increases.

References

McGarigal, K., SA Cushman, and E Ene. 2012. FRAGSTATS v4: Spatial Pattern Analysis Program for Categorical and Continuous Maps. Computer software program produced by the authors at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Available at the following web site: http://www.umass.edu/landeco/research/fragstats/fragstats.html

See Also

lsm_p_area, lsm_p_perim, lsm_c_para_mn, lsm_c_para_sd, lsm_c_para_cv, lsm_l_para_mn, lsm_l_para_sd, lsm_l_para_cv

Examples

# NOT RUN {
lsm_p_para(landscape)

# }