Perceived malevolence of uniforms and penalies for National Football League (NFL) teams
A dataset with 28 observations on the following 3 variables.
NFLTeam |
Team name |
NFL_Malevolence |
Score reflecting the "malevolence" of a team's uniform |
ZPenYds |
Z-score for penalty yards |
Participants with no knowledge of the teams rated the jerseys on characteristics such as timid/aggressive, nice/mean and good/bad. The averages of these responses produced a "malevolence" index with higher scores signifying impressions of more malevolent uniforms. To measure aggressiveness, the authors used the amount of penalty yards converted to z-scores and averaged for each team over the seasons from 1970-1986.