base (version 3.6.2)

# MathFun: Miscellaneous Mathematical Functions

## Description

abs(x) computes the absolute value of x, sqrt(x) computes the (principal) square root of x, $$\sqrt{x}$$.

The naming follows the standard for computer languages such as C or Fortran.

## Usage

abs(x)
sqrt(x)

## Arguments

x

a numeric or complex vector or array.

## S4 methods

Both are S4 generic and members of the Math group generic.

## Details

These are internal generic primitive functions: methods can be defined for them individually or via the Math group generic. For complex arguments (and the default method), z, abs(z) == Mod(z) and sqrt(z) == z^0.5.

abs(x) returns an integer vector when x is integer or logical.

## References

Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) The New S Language. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.

Arithmetic for simple, log for logarithmic, sin for trigonometric, and Special for special mathematical functions.

plotmath’ for the use of sqrt in plot annotation.

## Examples

Run this code
# NOT RUN {
require(stats) # for spline
require(graphics)
xx <- -9:9
plot(xx, sqrt(abs(xx)),  col = "red")
lines(spline(xx, sqrt(abs(xx)), n=101), col = "pink")
# }


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