as.data.frame
Coerce to a Data Frame
Functions to check if an object is a data frame, or coerce it if possible.
Usage
as.data.frame(x, row.names = NULL, optional = FALSE, …)# S3 method for character
as.data.frame(x, …,
stringsAsFactors = default.stringsAsFactors())
# S3 method for list
as.data.frame(x, row.names = NULL, optional = FALSE, …,
cut.names = FALSE, col.names = names(x), fix.empty.names = TRUE,
stringsAsFactors = default.stringsAsFactors())
# S3 method for matrix
as.data.frame(x, row.names = NULL, optional = FALSE,
make.names = TRUE, …,
stringsAsFactors = default.stringsAsFactors())
is.data.frame(x)
Arguments
- x
any R object.
- row.names
NULL
or a character vector giving the row names for the data frame. Missing values are not allowed.- optional
logical. If
TRUE
, setting row names and converting column names (to syntactic names: seemake.names
) is optional. Note that all of R's base packageas.data.frame()
methods useoptional
only for column names treatment, basically with the meaning ofdata.frame(*, check.names = !optional)
. See also themake.names
argument of thematrix
method.- …
additional arguments to be passed to or from methods.
- stringsAsFactors
logical: should the character vector be converted to a factor?
- cut.names
logical or integer; indicating if column names with more than 256 (or
cut.names
if that is numeric) characters should be shortened (and the last 6 characters replaced by" ..."
).- col.names
(optional) character vector of column names.
- fix.empty.names
logical indicating if empty column names, i.e.,
""
should be fixed up (indata.frame
) or not.- make.names
a
logical
, i.e., one ofFALSE, NA, TRUE
, indicating what should happen if the row names (of the matrixx
) are invalid. If they are invalid, the default,TRUE
, callsmake.names(*, unique=TRUE)
;make.names=NA
will use “automatic” row names and aFALSE
value will signal an error for invalid row names.
Details
as.data.frame
is a generic function with many methods, and
users and packages can supply further methods. For classes that act
as vectors, often a copy of as.data.frame.vector
will work
as the method.
If a list is supplied, each element is converted to a column in the
data frame. Similarly, each column of a matrix is converted separately.
This can be overridden if the object has a class which has
a method for as.data.frame
: two examples are
matrices of class "model.matrix"
(which are
included as a single column) and list objects of class
"POSIXlt"
which are coerced to class
"POSIXct"
.
Arrays can be converted to data frames. One-dimensional arrays are treated like vectors and two-dimensional arrays like matrices. Arrays with more than two dimensions are converted to matrices by ‘flattening’ all dimensions after the first and creating suitable column labels.
Character variables are converted to factor columns unless protected
by I
.
If a data frame is supplied, all classes preceding "data.frame"
are stripped, and the row names are changed if that argument is supplied.
If row.names = NULL
, row names are constructed from the names
or dimnames of x
, otherwise are the integer sequence
starting at one. Few of the methods check for duplicated row names.
Names are removed from vector columns unless I
.
Value
as.data.frame
returns a data frame, normally with all row names
""
if optional = TRUE
.
is.data.frame
returns TRUE
if its argument is a data
frame (that is, has "data.frame"
amongst its classes)
and FALSE
otherwise.
References
Chambers, J. M. (1992) Data for models. Chapter 3 of Statistical Models in S eds J. M. Chambers and T. J. Hastie, Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.
See Also
data.frame
, as.data.frame.table
for the
table
method (which has additional arguments if called directly).
Community examples
> diameters <- as.data.frame(replicate(4, rnorm(10,mean=1.31,sd=0.05)))