copBasic (version 1.7.1)

EMPIRsimv: Simulate a Bivariate Empirical Copula For a Fixed Value of U

Description

Perform a simulation on a bivariate empirical copula to extract the random variates $V$ from a given and fixed value for $u=$ constant. The purpose of this function is to return a simple vector of the $V$ simulations. This behavior differs from the general 2-D simulation implemented in the other functions: EMPIRsim and simCOP---these two functions generate data.frames of simulated random variates $U$ and $V$ and optional graphics as well.

For the usual situation in which $u$ is not a value aligned on the grid, then the bounding conditional quantile functions are solved for each of the $n$ simulations and the following interpolation is made by $$v = \frac{v_1/w_1 + v_2/w_2}{1/w_1 + 1/w_2}\mbox{,}$$ which states that that the weighted mean is computed. The values $v_1$ and $v_2$ are ordinates of the conditional quantile function for the respective grid lines to the left and right of the $u$ value. The values $w_1$ $=$ $u - u^\mathrm{left}_\mathrm{grid}$ and $w_2$ $=$ $u^\mathrm{right}_\mathrm{grid} - u$.

Usage

EMPIRsimv(u, n=1, empgrid=NULL, kumaraswamy=FALSE, ...)

Arguments

u

The fixed probability $u$ on which to perform conditional simulation for a sample of size $n$;

n

A sample size, default is 1;

empgrid

Gridded empirical copula from EMPIRgrid;

kumaraswamy

A logical to trigger Kumaraswamy smoothing of the conditional quantile function that is passed to EMPIRgridderinv. The Kumaraswamy distribution is a distribution having support $[0,1]$ with an expl

...

Additional arguments to pass.

Value

• A vector of simulated $V$ values is returned.

See Also

EMPIRgrid, EMPIRsim

Examples

nsim <- 3000
para <- list(alpha=0.15,  beta=0.65,
             cop1=PLACKETTcop, cop2=PLACKETTcop, para1=.005, para2=1000)
set.seed(10)
uv <- simCOP(n=nsim, cop=composite2COP, para=para, pch=16, col=rgb(0,0,0,0.2))
uv.grid <- EMPIRgrid(para=uv, deluv=.1)
set.seed(1)
V1 <- EMPIRsimv(u=0.6, n=nsim, empgrid=uv.grid)
set.seed(1)
V2 <- EMPIRsimv(u=0.6, n=nsim, empgrid=uv.grid, kumaraswamy=TRUE)

invgrid1 <- EMPIRgridderinv(empgrid=uv.grid)
invgrid2 <- EMPIRgridderinv(empgrid=uv.grid, kumaraswamy=TRUE)
att <- attributes(invgrid2); kur <- att$kumaraswamy
# Now draw random variates from the Kumaraswamy distribution using
# rlmomco() and vec2par() provided by the lmomco package.
set.seed(1)
Vsim <- rlmomco(nsim, vec2par(c(kur$Alpha[7], kur$Beta[7]), type="kur"))

print(summary(V1))   # Kumaraswamy not core in QDF reconstruction
print(summary(V2))   # Kumaraswamy core in QDF reconstruction
print(summary(Vsim)) # Kumaraswamy use of the kumaraswamy

# Continuing with a conditional quantile 0.74 that will not
# land along one of the grid lines, a weighted interpolation will be done.
set.seed(1) # try not resetting the seed
nsim <- 5000
V <- EMPIRsimv(u=0.74, n=nsim, empgrid=uv.grid)
# It is important that the uv.grid used to make V is the same grid used
# in inversion with kumaraswamy=TRUE to guarantee that the correct
# Kumaraswamy parameters are available if a user is doing cut and paste
# and exploring these examples.
set.seed(1)
V1 <- rlmomco(nsim, vec2par(c(kur$Alpha[8], kur$Beta[8]), type="kur"))
set.seed(1)
V2 <- rlmomco(nsim, vec2par(c(kur$Alpha[9], kur$Beta[9]), type="kur"))

plot(pp(V), sort(V), type="l", lwd=4, col=8) # Grey is empirical from grid
lines(pp(V1), sort(V1), col=2, lwd=2) # Kumaraswamy at u=0.7
lines(pp(V2), sort(V2), col=3, lwd=2) # Kumaraswamy at u=0.8

W1 <- 0.74 - 0.7; W2 <- 0.8 - 0.74
Vblend <- (V1/W1 + V2/W2) / sum(1/W1 + 1/W2)
lines(pp(Vblend), sort(Vblend), col=4, lwd=2) # BLUE LINE

# Notice how the grey line and the blue diverge for about F < 0.1 and F > 0.9.
# These are the limits of the grid spacing and linear interpolation within the
# grid intervals is being used and not direct simulation from the Kumaraswamy.