distr (version 1.9)

distr-package: distr -- object orientated implementation of distributions

Description

distr provides a conceptual treatment of distributions by means of S4 classes. A mother class Distribution is introduced with slots for a parameter and ---most important--- for the four constitutive methods r, d, p, and q for simulation respectively for evaluation of density / c.d.f. and quantile function of the corresponding distribution. Most distributions of package stats (like normal, Poisson, etc.) are implemented as subclasses of either AbscontDistribution or DiscreteDistribution, which themselves are again subclasses of Distribution. Up to arguments referring to a parameter of the distribution (like mean for the normal distribution), these function slots have the same arguments as those of package stats, i.e.; for a distribution object X we may call these functions as
{r(X)(n)} {d(X)(x, log = FALSE)} {p(X)(q, lower.tail = TRUE, log.p = FALSE)} {q(X)(p, lower.tail = TRUE, log.p = FALSE)}

Arguments

code

3*X+sin(exp(-Y/4+3))

Classes

Distribution classes have a slot param the class of which is is specialized for the particualar distributions. The parameter classes for the particular distributions have slots with names according to the corresponding [rdpq] functions of package base. From version 1.9 on, AbscontDistribution and descendants have a slot gaps for gaps in the support. DiscreteDistribution and descendants have an additional slot support, which is again specialized to be a lattice for class LatticeDistribution. For saved objects from earlier versions, we provide the methods isOldVersion, and conv2NewVersion to check whether the object was generated by an older version of this package and to convert such an object to the new format, respectively. This applies to objects of subclasses of AbscontDistribution lacking a gap-slot as well as to to objects of subclasses of LatticeDistribution lacking a lattice-slot. To enhance accuracy, from version 1.9 on, we also provide subclasses AffLinAbscontDistribution, AffLinDiscreteDistribution, and AffLinLatticeDistribution, as well as the class union AffLinDistribution, so that in particular functionals like E from package distrEx can recur to exact formula more frequently: These classes have additional slots a, b, and X0 to reflect the fact, that a distribution object of theses classes has the same distribution as a*X0+b. For all particular distributions, as well as for classes DiscreteDistribution, LatticeDistribution, UnivarDistrList and DistrList generating functions are provided, e.g. X <- Norm(mean = 3, sd = 2). The same goes for the space classes. All slots should be inspected / modified by means of corresponding accessor- /replacement functions; e.g. mean(X) <- 3 (see Parameter classes). Distribution classes slots: [()] img(rSpace), param(OptionalParameter), r(function), d(OptionalFunction), p(OptionalFunction), q(OptionalFunction), .withSim(logical), .withArith(logical) "Distribution" |>"UnivariateDistribution" |>|>"AbscontDistribution" |>|>|>"AffLinAbscontDistribution" |>|>|>"Beta" |>|>|>"Cauchy" |>|>|>"ExpOrGammaOrChisq" (VIRTUAL) |>|>|>|>"Exp" |>|>|>|>"Gammad" |>|>|>|>"Chisq" |>|>|>"Fd" |>|>|>"Lnorm" |>|>|>"Logis" |>|>|>"Norm" |>|>|>"Td" |>|>|>"Unif" |>|>|>"Weibull" |>|>|"DiscreteDistribution" |>|>|>"AffLinDiscreteDistribution" |>|>|>"LatticeDistribution" |>|>|>|>"AffLinLatticeDistribution" |>|>|>|>"Binom" |>|>|>|>"Dirac" |>|>|>|>"Hyper" |>|>|>|>"NBinom" |>|>|>|>|>"Geom" |>|>|>|>"Pois" "AffLinDistribution" = union ( "AffLinAbscontDistribution", "AffLinDiscreteDistribution" ) "DistrList" |>"UnivarDistrList" Parameter classes "OptionalParameter" |>"Parameter" |>|>"BetaParameter" |>|>"BinomParameter" |>|>"CauchyParameter" |>|>"ChisqParameter" |>|>"DiracParameter" |>|>"ExpParameter" |>|>"FParameter" |>|>"GammaParameter" |>|>"GeomParameter" |>|>"HyperParameter" |>|>"LnormParameter" |>|>"LogisParameter" |>|>"NbinomParameter" |>|>"NormParameter" |>|>"UniNormParameter" |>|>|>"PoisParameter" |>|>"TParameter" |>|>"UnifParameter" |>|>"WeibullParameter" Space classes "rSpace" |>"EuclideanSpace" |>|>"Reals" |>"Lattice" |>"Naturals"

Methods

The group Math of unary (see Math) as well as convolution are made available for distributions, see operators-methods; in particular for convolution powers, we have method convpow. Besides, there are plot and print-methods for distributions. For the space classes, we have liesIn, for the DicreteDistribution class, we have liesInSupport, as well as a generating function. The "history" of distributions obtained by chaining operations may be shortened using simplifyr.

Functions

RtoDPQ Default procedure to fill slots d,p,q given r for a.c. distributions RtoDPQ.d Default procedure to fill slots d,p,q given r for discrete distributions distroptions Functions to change the global variables of the package 'distr' standardMethods Utility to automatically generate accessor and replacement functions

Acknowledgement

We thank Martin Maechler, Josef Leydold, John Chambers, Duncan Murdoch, Gregory Warnes, Paul Gilbert, Kurt Hornik, Uwe Ligges, Torsten Hothorn, and Seth Falcon for their help in preparing this package.

Start-up-Banner

You may suppress the start-up banner/message completely by setting options("StartupBanner"="off") somewhere before loading this package by library or require in your R-code / R-session. If option "StartupBanner" is not defined (default) or setting options("StartupBanner"=NULL) or options("StartupBanner"="complete") the complete start-up banner is displayed. For any other value of option "StartupBanner" (i.e., not in c(NULL,"off","complete")) only the version information is displayed. The same can be achieved by wrapping the library or require call into either suppressStartupMessages() or onlytypeStartupMessages(.,atypes="version"). As for general packageStartupMessage's, you may also suppress all the start-up banner by wrapping the library or require call into suppressPackageStartupMessages() from startupmsg-version 0.5 on.

Demos

Demos are available --- see demo(package="distr")

concept

  • absolutely continuous distribution
  • discrete distribution
  • lattice distribution
  • S4 classes
  • arithmetics for distributions
  • S4 parameter class
  • S4 distribution class
  • S4 space class

Details

ll{ Package: distr Version: 1.9 Date: 2007-07-27 Depends: R(>= 2.2.0), methods, graphics, startupmsg Imports: stats SaveImage: no LazyLoad: yes License: GPL (version 2 or later) URL: http://www.uni-bayreuth.de/departments/math/org/mathe7/DISTR/ }

References

P. Ruckdeschel, M. Kohl, T. Stabla, F. Camphausen (2006): S4 Classes for Distributions, {\emR News}, {\em6}(2), 2-6. http://CRAN.R-project.org/doc/Rnews/Rnews_2006-2.pdf a vignette for packages distr, distrSim, distrTEst, and distrEx is included into the mere documentation package distrDoc and may be called by require("distrDoc");vignette("distr") a homepage to this package is available under http://www.uni-bayreuth.de/departments/math/org/mathe7/DISTR/

Examples

Run this code
X <- Unif(2,3)
Y <- Pois(lambda = 3)
Z <- X+Y  # generates Law of corresponding independent variables
p(Z)(0.2)
r(Z)(1000)
plot(Z+sin(Norm()))

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