data("ecospat.testData")numplotslonglatddegmindsradslptopoAchillea_atrataAchillea_millefoliumAcinos_alpinusAdenostyles_glabraAposeris_foetidaArnica_montanaAster_bellidiastrumBartsia_alpinaBellis_perennisCampanula_rotundifoliaCentaurea_montanaCerastium_latifoliumCruciata_laevipesDoronicum_grandiflorumGalium_albumGalium_anisophyllonGalium_megalospermumGentiana_bavaricaGentiana_luteaGentiana_purpureaGentiana_vernaGlobularia_cordifoliaGlobularia_nudicaulisGypsophila_repensHieracium_lactucellaHomogyne_alpinaHypochaeris_radicataLeontodon_autumnalisLeontodon_helveticusMyosotis_alpestrisMyosotis_arvensisPhyteuma_orbicularePhyteuma_spicatumPlantago_alpinaPlantago_lanceolataPolygonum_bistortaPolygonum_viviparumPrunella_grandifloraRhinanthus_alectorolophusRumex_acetosaRumex_crispusVaccinium_gaultherioidesVeronica_alpinaVeronica_aphyllaAgrostis_capillarisBromus_erectus_sstrCampanula_scheuchzeriCarex_sempervirensCynosurus_cristatusDactylis_glomerataDaucus_carotaFestuca_pratensis_slGeranium_sylvaticumLeontodon_hispidus_slPotentilla_erectaPritzelago_alpina_sstrPrunella_vulgarisRanunculus_acris_slSaxifraga_oppositifoliaSoldanella_alpinaTaraxacum_officinale_aggrTrifolium_repens_sstrVeronica_chamaedrysParnassia_palustrisglm_Agrostis_capillarisglm_Leontodon_hispidus_slglm_Dactylis_glomerataglm_Trifolium_repens_sstrglm_Geranium_sylvaticumglm_Ranunculus_acris_slglm_Prunella_vulgarisglm_Veronica_chamaedrysglm_Taraxacum_officinale_aggrglm_Plantago_lanceolataglm_Potentilla_erectaglm_Carex_sempervirensglm_Soldanella_alpinaglm_Cynosurus_cristatusglm_Campanula_scheuchzeriglm_Festuca_pratensis_slgbm_Bromus_erectus_sstrglm_Saxifraga_oppositifoliaglm_Daucus_carotaglm_Pritzelago_alpina_sstrglm_Bromus_erectus_sstrgbm_Saxifraga_oppositifoliagbm_Daucus_carotagbm_Pritzelago_alpina_sstrFive topo-climatic explanatory variables to calibrate the SDMs: growing degree days (with a 0 degrees Celsius threshold); moisture index over the growing season (average values for June to August in mm day-1); slope (in degrees); topographic position (an integrated and unitless measure of topographic exposure; Zimmermann et al., 2007); and the annual sum of radiation (in kJ m-2 year-1). The spatial resolution of the predictor is 25 m x 25 m so that the models could capture most of the small-scale variations of the climatic factors in the mountainous areas.
Two modelling techniques were used to produce the SDMs: generalized linear models (GLM; McCullagh & Nelder, 1989; R library 'glm') and generalized boosted models (GBM; Friedman, 2001; R library 'gbm'). The SDMs correpond to 20 species: Agrostis_capillaris, Leontodon_hispidus_sl, Dactylis_glomerata, Trifolium_repens_sstr, Geranium_sylvaticum, Ranunculus_acris_sl, Prunella_vulgaris, Veronica_chamaedrys, Taraxacum_officinale_aggr, Plantago_lanceolata, Potentilla_erecta, Carex_sempervirens, Soldanella_alpina, Cynosurus_cristatus, Campanula_scheuchzeri, Festuca_pratensis_sl, Daucus_carota, Pritzelago_alpina_sstr, Bromus_erectus_sstr and Saxifraga_oppositifolia.
Guisan, A., J.P. Theurillat. and F. Kienast. 1998. Predicting the potential distribution of plant species in an alpine environment. Journal of Vegetation Science, 9, 65-74.
Guisan, A. and J.P. Theurillat. 2000. Assessing alpine plant vulnerability to climate change: A modeling perspective. Integrated Assessment, 1, 307-320.
Guisan, A. and J.P. Theurillat. 2000. Equilibrium modeling of alpine plant distribution and climate change : How far can we go? Phytocoenologia, 30(3-4), 353-384.
Dubuis A., J. Pottier, V. Rion, L. Pellissier, J.P. Theurillat and A. Guisan. 2011. Predicting spatial patterns of plant species richness: A comparison of direct macroecological and species stacking approaches. Diversity and Distributions, 17, 1122-1131.
Zimmermann, N.E., T.C. Edwards, G.G Moisen, T.S. Frescino and J.A. Blackard. 2007. Remote sensing-based predictors improve distribution models of rare, early successional and broadleaf tree species in Utah. Journal of Applied Ecology 44, 1057-1067.
data(ecospat.testData)
str(ecospat.testData)
dim(ecospat.testData)
names(ecospat.testData)
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