Draw a pie chart.
pie(x, labels = names(x), edges = 200, radius = 0.8,
clockwise = FALSE, init.angle = if(clockwise) 90 else 0,
density = NULL, angle = 45, col = NULL, border = NULL,
lty = NULL, main = NULL, …)a vector of non-negative numerical quantities.
The values in x are displayed as the areas of pie slices.
one or more expressions or character strings giving
names for the slices. Other objects are coerced by
as.graphicsAnnot. For empty or NA
(after coercion to character) labels, no label nor pointing line
is drawn.
the circular outline of the pie is approximated by a polygon with this many edges.
the pie is drawn centered in a square box whose sides range from \(-1\) to \(1\). If the character strings labeling the slices are long it may be necessary to use a smaller radius.
logical indicating if slices are drawn clockwise or counter clockwise (i.e., mathematically positive direction), the latter is default.
number specifying the starting angle (in
degrees) for the slices. Defaults to 0 (i.e., ‘3 o'clock’)
unless clockwise is true where init.angle
defaults to 90 (degrees), (i.e., ‘12 o'clock’).
the density of shading lines, in lines per inch.
The default value of NULL means that no shading lines
are drawn. Non-positive values of density also inhibit the
drawing of shading lines.
the slope of shading lines, given as an angle in degrees (counter-clockwise).
a vector of colors to be used in filling or shading
the slices. If missing a set of 6 pastel colours is used,
unless density is specified when par("fg") is used.
(possibly vectors) arguments passed to
polygon which draws each slice.
an overall title for the plot.
graphical parameters can be given as arguments to
pie. They will affect the main title and labels only.
Becker, R. A., Chambers, J. M. and Wilks, A. R. (1988) The New S Language. Wadsworth & Brooks/Cole.
Cleveland, W. S. (1985) The Elements of Graphing Data. Wadsworth: Monterey, CA, USA.
# NOT RUN {
require(grDevices)
pie(rep(1, 24), col = rainbow(24), radius = 0.9)
pie.sales <- c(0.12, 0.3, 0.26, 0.16, 0.04, 0.12)
names(pie.sales) <- c("Blueberry", "Cherry",
"Apple", "Boston Cream", "Other", "Vanilla Cream")
pie(pie.sales) # default colours
pie(pie.sales, col = c("purple", "violetred1", "green3",
"cornsilk", "cyan", "white"))
pie(pie.sales, col = gray(seq(0.4, 1.0, length = 6)))
pie(pie.sales, density = 10, angle = 15 + 10 * 1:6)
pie(pie.sales, clockwise = TRUE, main = "pie(*, clockwise = TRUE)")
segments(0, 0, 0, 1, col = "red", lwd = 2)
text(0, 1, "init.angle = 90", col = "red")
n <- 200
pie(rep(1, n), labels = "", col = rainbow(n), border = NA,
main = "pie(*, labels=\"\", col=rainbow(n), border=NA,..")
## Another case showing pie() is rather fun than science:
## (original by FinalBackwardsGlance on http://imgur.com/gallery/wWrpU4X)
pie(c(Sky = 78, "Sunny side of pyramid" = 17, "Shady side of pyramid" = 5),
init.angle = 315, col = c("deepskyblue", "yellow", "yellow3"), border = FALSE)
# }