ci.sp
Compute the confidence interval of specificities at given sensitivities
This function computes the confidence interval (CI) of the specificity at the given sensitivity points. By default, the 95% CI are computed with 2000 stratified bootstrap replicates.
- Keywords
- utilities, nonparametric, univar, ROC
Usage
# ci.sp(...)
# S3 method for roc
ci.sp(roc, sensitivities = seq(0, 1, .1) * ifelse(roc$percent,
100, 1), conf.level=0.95, boot.n=2000, boot.stratified=TRUE,
progress=getOption("pROCProgress")$name, parallel=FALSE, ...)
# S3 method for smooth.roc
ci.sp(smooth.roc, sensitivities = seq(0, 1, .1) *
ifelse(smooth.roc$percent, 100, 1), conf.level=0.95, boot.n=2000,
boot.stratified=TRUE, progress=getOption("pROCProgress")$name, parallel=FALSE, ...)
# S3 method for formula
ci.sp(formula, data, ...)
# S3 method for default
ci.sp(response, predictor, ...)
Arguments
- roc, smooth.roc
a “roc” object from the
roc
function, or a “smooth.roc” object from thesmooth
function.- response, predictor
arguments for the
roc
function.- formula, data
a formula (and possibly a data object) of type response~predictor for the
roc
function.- sensitivities
on which sensitivities to evaluate the CI.
- conf.level
the width of the confidence interval as [0,1], never in percent. Default: 0.95, resulting in a 95% CI.
- boot.n
the number of bootstrap replicates. Default: 2000.
- boot.stratified
should the bootstrap be stratified (default, same number of cases/controls in each replicate than in the original sample) or not.
- progress
the name of progress bar to display. Typically “none”, “win”, “tk” or “text” (see the
name
argument tocreate_progress_bar
for more information), but a list as returned bycreate_progress_bar
is also accepted. See also the “Progress bars” section of this package's documentation.- parallel
if TRUE, the bootstrap is processed in parallel, using parallel backend provided by plyr (foreach).
- …
further arguments passed to or from other methods, especially arguments for
roc
andci.sp.roc
when callingci.sp.default
orci.sp.formula
. Arguments fortxtProgressBar
(onlychar
andstyle
) if applicable.
Details
ci.sp.formula
and ci.sp.default
are convenience methods
that build the ROC curve (with the roc
function) before
calling ci.sp.roc
. You can pass them arguments for both
roc
and ci.sp.roc
. Simply use ci.sp
that will dispatch to the correct method.
The ci.sp.roc
function creates boot.n
bootstrap replicate of the ROC
curve, and evaluates the specificity at sensitivities
given by the sensitivities
argument. Then it computes the
confidence interval as the percentiles given by conf.level
.
For more details about the bootstrap, see the Bootstrap section in this package's documentation.
For smoothed ROC curves, smoothing is performed again at each
bootstrap replicate with the parameters originally provided.
If a density smoothing was performed with user-provided
density.cases
or density.controls
the bootstrap cannot
be performed and an error is issued.
Value
A matrix of class “ci.sp”, “ci” and “matrix” (in this order) containing the given specificities. Row (names) are the sensitivities, the first column the lower bound, the 2nd column the median and the 3rd column the upper bound.
Additionally, the list has the following attributes:
the width of the CI, in fraction.
the number of bootstrap replicates.
whether or not the bootstrapping was stratified.
the sensitivities as given in argument.
the object of class “roc” that was used to compute the CI.
Warnings
If boot.stratified=FALSE
and the sample has a large imbalance between
cases and controls, it could happen that one or more of the replicates
contains no case or control observation, or that there are not enough
points for smoothing, producing a NA
area.
The warning “NA value(s) produced during bootstrap were ignored.”
will be issued and the observation will be ignored. If you have a large
imbalance in your sample, it could be safer to keep
boot.stratified=TRUE
.
Errors
If density.cases
and density.controls
were provided
for smoothing, the error “Cannot compute the statistic on ROC
curves smoothed with density.controls and density.cases.” is issued.
References
James Carpenter and John Bithell (2000) ``Bootstrap condence intervals: when, which, what? A practical guide for medical statisticians''. Statistics in Medicine 19, 1141--1164. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(20000515)19:9<1141::AID-SIM479>3.0.CO;2-F.
Tom Fawcett (2006) ``An introduction to ROC analysis''. Pattern Recognition Letters 27, 861--874. DOI: 10.1016/j.patrec.2005.10.010.
Xavier Robin, Natacha Turck, Alexandre Hainard, et al. (2011) ``pROC: an open-source package for R and S+ to analyze and compare ROC curves''. BMC Bioinformatics, 7, 77. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-12-77.
Hadley Wickham (2011) ``The Split-Apply-Combine Strategy for Data Analysis''. Journal of Statistical Software, 40, 1--29. URL: www.jstatsoft.org/v40/i01.
See Also
Examples
# NOT RUN {
# Create a ROC curve:
data(aSAH)
roc1 <- roc(aSAH$outcome, aSAH$s100b)
## Basic example ##
# }
# NOT RUN {
ci.sp(roc1)
# }
# NOT RUN {
## More options ##
# Customized bootstrap and sensitivities:
# }
# NOT RUN {
ci.sp(roc1, c(.95, .9, .85), boot.n=10000, conf.level=0.9, stratified=FALSE)
# }
# NOT RUN {
## Plotting the CI ##
ci1 <- ci.sp(roc1, boot.n = 10)
plot(roc1)
plot(ci1)
## On smoothed ROC curves with bootstrap ##
# }
# NOT RUN {
ci.sp(smooth(roc1, method="density"))
# }