SeatBelt
Seat Belt Usage and Traffic Fatalities
yearly observations of 51 states
number of observations : 765
number of time-series : 15
country : United States
JEL codes: R41, K42
Chapter : 06
- Keywords
- datasets
Usage
data(SeatBelt)
Format
A dataframe containing:
- state
the state code
- year
the year
- farsocc
the number of traffic fatalities of drivers and passengers (of any seating position) of a motor vehicule in transport
- farsnocc
the number of traffic fatalities of pedestrians and bicyclists
- usage
rate of seat belt usage
- percapin
median income in current US dollars
- unemp
unemployment rate
- meanage
mean age
- precentb
the percentage of african-americans in the state population
- precenth
the percentage of people of hispanic origin in the state population
- densurb
traffic density urban ; registered vehicules per unit length of urban roads in miles
- densrur
traffic density rural ; registered vehicules per unit length of urban roads in miles
- viopcap
number of violent crimes (homicide, rape and robbery) per capita
- proppcap
number of preperty rimes (burglary, larceny and auto theft) per capita
- vmtrural
vehicule miles traveled on rural roads
- vmturban
vehicule miles traveled on urban roads
- fueltax
fuel tax (in curent cents)
- lim65
65 miles per hour speed limit (55 mph is the base category)
- lim70p
70 miles per hour or above speed limit (55 mph is the base caegory)
- mlda21
a dummy variable that is equal to 1 for a minimum for a minimum legal drinking age of 21 years (18 years is the base category)
- bac08
a dummy variable that is equal to 1 foe a maximum of 0.08 blood alcohol content (0.1 is the base category)
- ds
a dummy equal to 1 for the periods in which the state had a secondary-enforcement mandatory seat belt law, or a primary-enforcement law that preceded by a secondary-enforcement law (no seat belt law is the base category)
- dp
a dummy variable eqal to 1 for the periods in which the state had a primary-enforcement mandatory seat belt law that was not preceded by a secondary-enforcement law (no seat belt is the base category)
- dsp
a dummy variable equal to 1 for the periods in which the state had a primary-enforcement mandatory seat belt law that was preceded by a secondary enforcement law (no seat belt law is the base category
References
Cohen, Alma and Liran Einav (2003) “The Effects of Mandatory Seat Belt Laws on Driving Behavior and Traffic Fatalities”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 85(4), 828-843, 10.2139/ssrn.293582 .
Examples
# NOT RUN {
#### Example 6-1
## ------------------------------------------------------------------------
library("plm")
## ------------------------------------------------------------------------
y ~ x1 + x2 + x3 | x1 + x3 + z
y ~ x1 + x2 + x3 | . - x2 + z
## ------------------------------------------------------------------------
data("SeatBelt", package = "pder")
SeatBelt$occfat <- with(SeatBelt, log(farsocc / (vmtrural + vmturban)))
ols <- plm(occfat ~ log(usage) + log(percapin) + log(unemp) + log(meanage) +
log(precentb) + log(precenth)+ log(densrur) +
log(densurb) + log(viopcap) + log(proppcap) +
log(vmtrural) + log(vmturban) + log(fueltax) +
lim65 + lim70p + mlda21 + bac08, SeatBelt,
effect = "time")
fe <- update(ols, effect = "twoways")
ivfe <- update(fe, . ~ . | . - log(usage) + ds + dp +dsp)
rbind(ols = coef(summary(ols))[1,],
fe = coef(summary(fe))[1, ],
w2sls = coef(summary(ivfe))[1, ])
## ------------------------------------------------------------------------
SeatBelt$noccfat <- with(SeatBelt, log(farsnocc / (vmtrural + vmturban)))
nivfe <- update(ivfe, noccfat ~ . | .)
coef(summary(nivfe))[1, ]
# }