pinbasic (version 1.2.2)

pin_est_core: Optimization in PIN models

Description

Core function for optimization routines

Usage

pin_est_core(numbuys = NULL, numsells = NULL,
  factorization = "Lin_Ke", init_vals = NULL, lower = rep(0, 5),
  upper = c(1, 1, rep(Inf, 3)), num_best_res = 1,
  only_converged = TRUE, nlminb_control = list(), confint = FALSE,
  ci_control = list(), posterior = TRUE)

Arguments

numbuys

numeric: vector of daily buys

numsells

numeric: vector of daily sells

factorization

character: factorization of likelihood function: either 'EHO' or 'Lin_Ke', defaults to: 'Lin_Ke'

init_vals

numeric: matrix of initial values: either generated by initial_vals or user-defined matrix with five columns for which colnames must consist of: alpha, delta, epsilon_b, epsilon_s, mu

lower

numeric: lower bounds for optimization, must have length of 5

upper

numeric: upper bounds for optimization, must have length of 5

num_best_res

Number of optimization runs for which results should be returned, either numeric or 'all', only relevant if init_vals = 'Grid', defaults to 1

only_converged

logical: Return only results for which the likelihood converged? Defaults to TRUE

nlminb_control

list: Control list for nlminb

confint

logical: Compute confidence intervals for PIN? Defaults to FALSE

ci_control

list: see Details

posterior

logical: Should posterior probabilities for conditions of trading days be computed?

Value

If num_best_res = 1, a list with following elements is returned:

Results

Matrix containing the parameter estimates as well as their estimated standard errors, t-values and p-values.

ll

Value of likelihood function returned by nlminb

pin

Estimated probability of informed trading

conv

Convergence code for nlminb optimization

message

Convergence message returned by the nlminb optimizer

iterations

Number of iterations until convergence of nlminb optimizer

init_vals

Vector of initial values

confint

If confint = TRUE; confidence interval for the probability of informed trading

If num_best_res > 1, a named list of lists is returned. Each component of the outer list is again a list structured as shown above. Naming scheme for the outer list is 'Best1',..., 'Bestnum_best_res'.

Details

Grants the most control over optimization procedure. User-friendly wrappers for estimation with trading data of arbitrary length and quarterly data are implemented with pin_est and qpin, respectively. nlminb function in the stats package is used for maximization. Vectors for numbuys and numsells need to have same length. Confidence intervals for the probability of informed trading are calculated via Monte-Carlo-Simulation if confint = TRUE. Settings of the confidence interval simulation can be specified via a named list for ci_control. Valid list names are n, seed, level and ncores which pass number of simulation runs (defaults to 10000), seed for RNG (defaults to seed = NULL), confidence level (defaults to 0.95) and number of cpu cores utilized (defaults to 1).

References

Easley, David et al. (2002) Is Information Risk a Determinant of Asset Returns? The Journal of Finance, Volume 57, Number 5, pp. 2185 - 2221 10.1111/1540-6261.00493

Easley, David et al. (1996) Liquidity, Information, and Infrequently Traded Stocks The Journal of Finance, Volume 51, Number 4, pp. 1405 - 1436 10.1111/j.1540-6261.1996.tb04074.x

Easley, David et al. (2010) Factoring Information into Returns Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Volume 45, Issue 2, pp. 293 - 309 10.1017/S0022109010000074

Ersan, Oguz and Alici, Asli (2016) An unbiased computation methodology for estimating the probability of informed trading (PIN) Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Volume 43, pp. 74 - 94 10.1016/j.intfin.2016.04.001

Gan, Quan et al. (2015) A faster estimation method for the probability of informed trading using hierarchical agglomerative clustering Quantitative Finance, Volume 15, Issue 11, pp. 1805 - 1821 10.1080/14697688.2015.1023336

Lin, Hsiou-Wei William and Ke, Wen-Chyan (2011) A computing bias in estimating the probability of informed trading Journal of Financial Markets, Volume 14, Issue 4, pp. 625 - 640 10.1016/j.finmar.2011.03.001

Revolution Analytics and Steve Weston (2015) doParallel: Foreach Parallel Adaptor for the 'parallel' Package R package version 1.0.10

Revolution Analytics and Steve Weston (2015) foreach: Provides Foreach Looping Construct for R R package version 1.4.3 Yan, Yuxing and Zhang, Shaojun (2012) An improved estimation method and empirical properties of the probability of informed trading Journal of Banking & Finance, Volume 36, Issue 2, pp. 454 - 467 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2011.08.003

See Also

nlminb, initial_vals pin_est qpin pin_confint

Examples

# NOT RUN {
# Loading simulated data for frequently traded stock

data("BSfrequent")

# Generate several matrices of initial values utilizing all methods implemented

inits_grid <- initial_vals(numbuys = BSfrequent[,"Buys"],
                           numsells = BSfrequent[,"Sells"],
                           method = "Grid")

inits_hac <- initial_vals(numbuys = BSfrequent[,"Buys"],
                          numsells = BSfrequent[,"Sells"],
                          method = "HAC")

inits_hac_ref <- initial_vals(numbuys = BSfrequent[,"Buys"],
                              numsells = BSfrequent[,"Sells"],
                              method = "HAC_Ref")

# Optimization with different matrices of initial values

pin_core_grid <- pin_est_core(numbuys = BSfrequent[,"Buys"],
                              numsells = BSfrequent[,"Sells"],
                              factorization = "Lin_Ke", init_vals = inits_grid,
                              lower = rep(0,5), upper = c(1,1, rep(Inf,3)),
                              num_best_res = 5)

pin_core_hac <- pin_est_core(numbuys = BSfrequent[,"Buys"],
                             numsells = BSfrequent[,"Sells"],
                             factorization = "Lin_Ke", init_vals = inits_hac,
                             lower = rep(0,5), upper = c(1,1, rep(Inf,3)))

pin_core_hac_ref <- pin_est_core(numbuys = BSfrequent[,"Buys"],
                                 numsells = BSfrequent[,"Sells"],
                                 factorization = "Lin_Ke", init_vals = inits_hac_ref,
                                 lower = rep(0,5), upper = c(1,1, rep(Inf,3)))

# }
# NOT RUN {
pin_core_hac <- pin_est_core(numbuys = BSfrequent[,"Buys"],
                             numsells = BSfrequent[,"Sells"],
                             factorization = "Lin_Ke", init_vals = inits_hac,
                             lower = rep(0,5), upper = c(1,1, rep(Inf,3)),
                             confint = TRUE)
# }