# joincount.test

0th

Percentile

##### BB join count statistic for k-coloured factors

The BB join count test for spatial autocorrelation using a spatial weights matrix in weights list form for testing whether same-colour joins occur more frequently than would be expected if the zones were labelled in a spatially random way. The assumptions underlying the test are sensitive to the form of the graph of neighbour relationships and other factors, and results may be checked against those of joincount.mc permutations.

Keywords
spatial
##### Usage
joincount.test(fx, listw, zero.policy=NULL, alternative="greater", spChk=NULL, adjust.n=TRUE)
"print"(x, ...)
##### Arguments
fx
a factor of the same length as the neighbours and weights objects in listw
listw
a listw object created for example by nb2listw
zero.policy
default NULL, use global option value; if TRUE assign zero to the lagged value of zones without neighbours, if FALSE assign NA
alternative
a character string specifying the alternative hypothesis, must be one of "greater" (default), "less" or "two.sided".
default TRUE, if FALSE the number of observations is not adjusted for no-neighbour observations, if TRUE, the number of observations is adjusted consistently (up to and including spdep 0.3-28 the adjustment was inconsistent - thanks to Tomoki NAKAYA for a careful bug report)
spChk
should the data vector names be checked against the spatial objects for identity integrity, TRUE, or FALSE, default NULL to use get.spChkOption()
x
object to be printed
...
arguments to be passed through for printing
##### Value

A list with class jclist of lists with class htest for each of the k colours containing the following components:

##### Note

The derivation of the test (Cliff and Ord, 1981, p. 18) assumes that the weights matrix is symmetric. For inherently non-symmetric matrices, such as k-nearest neighbour matrices, listw2U() can be used to make the matrix symmetric. In non-symmetric weights matrix cases, the variance of the test statistic may be negative.

##### References

Cliff, A. D., Ord, J. K. 1981 Spatial processes, Pion, p. 20.

joincount.mc, joincount.multi, listw2U

##### Aliases
• joincount.test
• print.jclist
##### Examples
data(oldcol)
HICRIME <- cut(COL.OLD$CRIME, breaks=c(0,35,80), labels=c("low","high")) names(HICRIME) <- rownames(COL.OLD) joincount.test(HICRIME, nb2listw(COL.nb, style="B")) joincount.test(HICRIME, nb2listw(COL.nb, style="C")) joincount.test(HICRIME, nb2listw(COL.nb, style="S")) joincount.test(HICRIME, nb2listw(COL.nb, style="W")) by(card(COL.nb), HICRIME, summary) print(is.symmetric.nb(COL.nb)) coords.OLD <- cbind(COL.OLD$X, COL.OLD\$Y)
COL.k4.nb <- knn2nb(knearneigh(coords.OLD, 4))
print(is.symmetric.nb(COL.k4.nb))
joincount.test(HICRIME, nb2listw(COL.k4.nb, style="B"))
cat("Note non-symmetric weights matrix - use listw2U()\n")
joincount.test(HICRIME, listw2U(nb2listw(COL.k4.nb, style="B")))

Documentation reproduced from package spdep, version 0.6-9, License: GPL (>= 2)

### Community examples

Looks like there are no examples yet.