# spec.pgram

0th

Percentile

##### Estimate Spectral Density of a Time Series by a Smoothed Periodogram

spec.pgram calculates the periodogram using a fast Fourier transform, and optionally smooths the result with a series of modified Daniell smoothers (moving averages giving half weight to the end values).

Keywords
ts
##### Usage
spec.pgram(x, spans = NULL, kernel, taper = 0.1, pad = 0, fast = TRUE, demean = FALSE, detrend = TRUE, plot = TRUE, na.action = na.fail, ...)
##### Arguments
x
univariate or multivariate time series.
spans
vector of odd integers giving the widths of modified Daniell smoothers to be used to smooth the periodogram.
kernel
alternatively, a kernel smoother of class "tskernel".
taper
specifies the proportion of data to taper. A split cosine bell taper is applied to this proportion of the data at the beginning and end of the series.
proportion of data to pad. Zeros are added to the end of the series to increase its length by the proportion pad.
fast
logical; if TRUE, pad the series to a highly composite length.
demean
logical. If TRUE, subtract the mean of the series.
detrend
logical. If TRUE, remove a linear trend from the series. This will also remove the mean.
plot
plot the periodogram?
na.action
NA action function.
...
graphical arguments passed to plot.spec.
##### Details

The raw periodogram is not a consistent estimator of the spectral density, but adjacent values are asymptotically independent. Hence a consistent estimator can be derived by smoothing the raw periodogram, assuming that the spectral density is smooth.

The series will be automatically padded with zeros until the series length is a highly composite number in order to help the Fast Fourier Transform. This is controlled by the fast and not the pad argument.

The periodogram at zero is in theory zero as the mean of the series is removed (but this may be affected by tapering): it is replaced by an interpolation of adjacent values during smoothing, and no value is returned for that frequency.

##### Value

A list object of class "spec" (see spectrum) with the following additional components:
kernel
The kernel argument, or the kernel constructed from spans.
df
The distribution of the spectral density estimate can be approximated by a (scaled) chi square distribution with df degrees of freedom.
bandwidth
The equivalent bandwidth of the kernel smoother as defined by Bloomfield (1976, page 201).
taper
The value of the taper argument.
The value of the pad argument.
detrend
The value of the detrend argument.
demean
The value of the demean argument.
The result is returned invisibly if plot is true.

##### References

Bloomfield, P. (1976) Fourier Analysis of Time Series: An Introduction. Wiley.

Brockwell, P.J. and Davis, R.A. (1991) Time Series: Theory and Methods. Second edition. Springer.

Venables, W.N. and Ripley, B.D. (2002) Modern Applied Statistics with S. Fourth edition. Springer. (Especially pp.\ifelse{latex}{\out{~}}{ } 392--7.)

spectrum, spec.taper, plot.spec, fft
library(stats) require(graphics) ## Examples from Venables & Ripley spectrum(ldeaths) spectrum(ldeaths, spans = c(3,5)) spectrum(ldeaths, spans = c(5,7)) spectrum(mdeaths, spans = c(3,3)) spectrum(fdeaths, spans = c(3,3)) ## bivariate example mfdeaths.spc <- spec.pgram(ts.union(mdeaths, fdeaths), spans = c(3,3)) # plots marginal spectra: now plot coherency and phase plot(mfdeaths.spc, plot.type = "coherency") plot(mfdeaths.spc, plot.type = "phase") ## now impose a lack of alignment mfdeaths.spc <- spec.pgram(ts.intersect(mdeaths, lag(fdeaths, 4)), spans = c(3,3), plot = FALSE) plot(mfdeaths.spc, plot.type = "coherency") plot(mfdeaths.spc, plot.type = "phase") stocks.spc <- spectrum(EuStockMarkets, kernel("daniell", c(30,50)), plot = FALSE) plot(stocks.spc, plot.type = "marginal") # the default type plot(stocks.spc, plot.type = "coherency") plot(stocks.spc, plot.type = "phase") sales.spc <- spectrum(ts.union(BJsales, BJsales.lead), kernel("modified.daniell", c(5,7))) plot(sales.spc, plot.type = "coherency") plot(sales.spc, plot.type = "phase")