# tm_fill

0th

Percentile

##### Draw polygons

Creates a tmap-element that draws the polygons. tm_fill fills the polygons. Either a fixed color is used, or a color palette is mapped to a data variable. tm_borders draws the borders of the polygons. tm_polygons fills the polygons and draws the polygon borders.

##### Usage
tm_fill(col = NA, alpha = NA, palette = NULL,
convert2density = FALSE, area = NULL, n = 5,
style = ifelse(is.null(breaks), "pretty", "fixed"), breaks = NULL,
interval.closure = "left", labels = NULL, midpoint = NULL,
stretch.palette = TRUE, contrast = NA, colorNA = NA,
textNA = "Missing", showNA = NA, colorNULL = NA, thres.poly = 0,
title = NA, legend.show = TRUE, legend.format = list(),
legend.is.portrait = TRUE, legend.reverse = FALSE,
legend.hist = FALSE, legend.hist.title = NA, legend.z = NA,
legend.hist.z = NA, id = NA, popup.vars = NA,
popup.format = list(), zindex = NA, group = NA,
auto.palette.mapping = NULL, max.categories = NULL, ...)tm_borders(col = NA, lwd = 1, lty = "solid", alpha = NA,
group = NA)tm_polygons(col = NA, alpha = NA, border.col = NA,
border.alpha = NA, group = NA, ...)
##### Arguments
col

For tm_fill, it is one of

• a single color value

• the name of a data variable that is contained in shp. Either the data variable contains color values, or values (numeric or categorical) that will be depicted by a color palette (see palette. In the latter case, a choropleth is drawn.

• "MAP_COLORS". In this case polygons will be colored such that adjacent polygons do not get the same color. See the underlying function map_coloring for details.

For tm_borders, it is a single color value that specifies the border line color. If multiple values are specified, small multiples are drawn (see details).

alpha

transparency number between 0 (totally transparent) and 1 (not transparent). By default, the alpha value of the col is used (normally 1).

palette

a palette name or a vector of colors. See tmaptools::palette_explorer() for the named palettes. Use a "-" as prefix to reverse the palette. The default palette is taken from tm_layout's argument aes.palette, which typically depends on the style. The type of palette from aes.palette is automatically determined, but can be overwritten: use "seq" for sequential, "div" for diverging, and "cat" for categorical.

convert2density

boolean that determines whether col is converted to a density variable. Should be TRUE when col consists of absolute numbers. The area size is either approximated from the shape object, or given by the argument area.

area

Name of the data variable that contains the area sizes in squared kilometer.

n

preferred number of classes (in case col is a numeric variable).

style

method to process the color scale when col is a numeric variable. Discrete options are "cat", "fixed", "sd", "equal", "pretty", "quantile", "kmeans", "hclust", "bclust", "fisher", "jenks", and "log10_pretty". A numeric variable is processed as a categorical variable when using "cat", i.e. each unique value will correspond to a distinct category. For the other discrete options (except "log10_pretty"), see the details in classIntervals. Continuous options are "cont", "order", and "log10". The first maps the values of col to a smooth gradient, the second maps the order of values of col to a smooth gradient, and the third uses a logarithmic transformation.

breaks

in case style=="fixed", breaks should be specified. The breaks argument can also be used when style="cont". In that case, the breaks are mapped evenly to the sequential or diverging color palette.

interval.closure

value that determines whether where the intervals are closed: "left" or "right". Only applicable if col is a numeric variable.

labels

labels of the classes.

midpoint

The value mapped to the middle color of a diverging palette. By default it is set to 0 if negative and positive values are present. In that case, the two sides of the color palette are assigned to negative respectively positive values. If all values are positive or all values are negative, then the midpoint is set to NA, which means that the value that corresponds to the middle color class (see style) is mapped to the middle color. Only applies when col is a numeric variable. If it is specified for sequential color palettes (e.g. "Blues"), then this color palette will be treated as a diverging color palette.

stretch.palette

Logical that determines whether the categorical color palette should be stretched if there are more categories than colors. If TRUE (default), interpolated colors are used (like a rainbow). If FALSE, the palette is repeated.

contrast

vector of two numbers that determine the range that is used for sequential and diverging palettes (applicable when auto.palette.mapping=TRUE). Both numbers should be between 0 and 1. The first number determines where the palette begins, and the second number where it ends. For sequential palettes, 0 means the brightest color, and 1 the darkest color. For diverging palettes, 0 means the middle color, and 1 both extremes. If only one number is provided, this number is interpreted as the endpoint (with 0 taken as the start).

colorNA

color used for missing values. Use NULL for transparency.

textNA

text used for missing values.

showNA

logical that determines whether missing values are named in the legend. By default (NA), this depends on the presence of missing values.

colorNULL

colour for polygons that are shown on the map that are out of scope

thres.poly

number that specifies the threshold at which polygons are taken into account. The number itself corresponds to the proportion of the area sizes of the polygons to the total polygon size. By default, all polygons are drawn. To ignore polygons that are not visible in a normal plot, a value like 1e-05 is recommended.

title

title of the legend element

legend.show

logical that determines whether the legend is shown

legend.format

list of formatting options for the legend numbers. Only applicable if labels is undefined. Parameters are:

fun

Function to specify the labels. It should take a numeric vector, and should return a character vector of the same size. By default it is not specified. If specified, the list items scientific, format, and digits (see below) are not used.

scientific

Should the labels be formatted scientifically? If so, square brackets are used, and the format of the numbers is "g". Otherwise, format="f", and text.separator, text.less.than, and text.or.more are used. Also, the numbers are automatically rounded to millions or billions if applicable.

format

By default, "f", i.e. the standard notation xxx.xxx, is used. If scientific=TRUE then "g", which means that numbers are formatted scientifically, i.e. n.dddE+nn if needed to save space.

digits

Number of digits after the decimal point if format="f", and the number of significant digits otherwise.

big.num.abbr

Vector that defines whether and which abbrevations are used for large numbers. It is a named numeric vector, where the name indicated the abbreviation, and the number the magnitude (in terms on numbers of zero). Numbers are only abbrevation when they are large enough. Set it to NA to disable abbrevations. The default is c("mln" = 6, "bln" = 9). For layers where style is set to log10 or log10_pretty, the default is NA.

prefix

Prefix of each number

suffix

Suffix of each number

text.separator

Character string to use to separate numbers in the legend (default: "to").

text.less.than

Character value(s) to use to translate "Less than". When a character vector of length 2 is specified, one for each word, these words are aligned when text.to.columns = TRUE

text.or.more

Character value(s) to use to translate "or more". When a character vector of length 2 is specified, one for each word, these words are aligned when text.to.columns = TRUE

text.align

Value that determines how the numbers are aligned, "left", "center" or "right"

. By default "left" for legends in portrait format (legend.is.protrait = TRUE), and "center" otherwise.
text.to.columns

Logical that determines whether the text is aligned to three columns (from, text.separator, to). By default FALSE.

...

Other arguments passed on to formatC

legend.is.portrait

logical that determines whether the legend is in portrait mode (TRUE) or landscape (FALSE)

legend.reverse

logical that determines whether the items are shown in reverse order, i.e. from bottom to top when legend.is.portrait = TRUE and from right to left when legend.is.portrait = FALSE

legend.hist

logical that determines whether a histogram is shown

legend.hist.title

title for the histogram. By default, one title is used for both the histogram and the normal legend.

legend.z

index value that determines the position of the legend element with respect to other legend elements. The legend elements are stacked according to their z values. The legend element with the lowest z value is placed on top.

legend.hist.z

index value that determines the position of the histogram legend element

id

name of the data variable that specifies the indices of the polygons. Only used for "view" mode (see tmap_mode).

popup.vars

names of data variables that are shown in the popups in "view" mode. If convert2density=TRUE, the derived density variable name is suffixed with _density. If NA (default), only aesthetic variables (i.e. specified by col and lwd) are shown). If they are not specified, all variables are shown. Set popup.vars to FALSE to disable popups. When a vector of variable names is provided, the names (if specified) are printed in the popups.

popup.format

list of formatting options for the popup values. See the argument legend.format for options. Only applicable for numeric data variables. If one list of formatting options is provided, it is applied to all numeric variables of popup.vars. Also, a (named) list of lists can be provided. In that case, each list of formatting options is applied to the named variable.

zindex

zindex of the pane in view mode. By default, it is set to the layer number plus 400. By default, the tmap layers will therefore be placed in the custom panes "tmap401", "tmap402", etc., except for the base tile layers, which are placed in the standard "tile". This parameter determines both the name of the pane and the z-index, which determines the pane order from bottom to top. For instance, if zindex is set to 500, the pane will be named "tmap500".

group

name of the group to which this layer belongs in view mode. Each group can be selected or deselected in the layer control item. Set group = NULL to hide the layer in the layer control item. By default, it will be set to the name of the shape (specified in tm_shape).

auto.palette.mapping

deprecated. It has been replaced by midpoint for numeric variables and stretch.palette for categorical variables.

max.categories

deprecated. It has moved to tmap_options.

...

for tm_polygons, these arguments passed to either tm_fill or tm_borders. For tm_fill, these arguments are passed on to map_coloring.

lwd

border line width (see par)

lty

border line type (see par)

border.col

border line color

border.alpha

transparency number between 0 (totally transparent) and 1 (not transparent). By default, the alpha value of the col is used (normally 1).

##### Details

Small multiples can be drawn in two ways: either by specifying the by argument in tm_facets, or by defining multiple variables in the aesthetic arguments. The aesthetic argument of tm_fill (and tm_polygons) is col. In the latter case, the arguments, except for thres.poly, and the ones starting with legend., can be specified for small multiples as follows. If the argument normally only takes a single value, such as n, then a vector of those values can be specified, one for each small multiple. If the argument normally can take a vector, such as palette, then a list of those vectors (or values) can be specified, one for each small multiple.

##### Value

tmap-element

##### References

Tennekes, M., 2018, tmap: Thematic Maps in R, Journal of Statistical Software, 84(6), 1-39, DOI

vignette("tmap-getstarted")

• tm_fill
• tm_borders
• tm_polygons
##### Examples
# NOT RUN {
data(World)

# Constant fill
tm_shape(World) + tm_fill("darkolivegreen3") + tm_format("World", title="A green World")

# Borders only
tm_shape(World) + tm_borders()

# Data variable containing colours values
World$isNLD <- ifelse(World$name=="Netherlands", "darkorange", "darkolivegreen3")
tm_shape(World) +
tm_fill("isNLD") +
tm_layout("Find the Netherlands!")

tm_shape(World) +
tm_polygons("economy", title="Economy", id="name") +
tm_text("iso_a3", size="AREA", scale=1.5) +
tm_format("World")

# Numeric data variable
tm_shape(World) +
tm_polygons("HPI", palette="RdYlGn", style="cont", n=8,
title="Happy Planet Index", id="name") +
tm_text("iso_a3", size="AREA", scale=1.5) +
tm_style("grey") +
tm_format("World")

# }
# NOT RUN {
data(NLD_prov, NLD_muni)
# Map coloring algorithm
tm_shape(NLD_prov) +
tm_fill("name", legend.show = FALSE) +
tm_shape(NLD_muni) +
tm_polygons("MAP_COLORS", palette="Greys", alpha = .25) +
tm_shape(NLD_prov) +
tm_borders(lwd=2) +
tm_format("NLD", title="Dutch provinces and\nmunicipalities", bg.color="white")

# Cartogram
if (require(cartogram)) {
NLD_prov_pop <- cartogram(NLD_prov, "population")
tm_shape(NLD_prov_pop) +
tm_polygons("origin_non_west", title = "Non-western origin (%)")
}
# }
# NOT RUN {
# TIP: check out these examples in view mode, enabled with tmap_mode("view")
# }

Documentation reproduced from package tmap, version 2.3-1, License: GPL-3

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