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terra (version 1.8-86)

Spatial Data Analysis

Description

Methods for spatial data analysis with vector (points, lines, polygons) and raster (grid) data. Methods for vector data include geometric operations such as intersect and buffer. Raster methods include local, focal, global, zonal and geometric operations. The predict and interpolate methods facilitate the use of regression type (interpolation, machine learning) models for spatial prediction, including with satellite remote sensing data. Processing of very large files is supported. See the manual and tutorials on to get started.

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Version

Install

install.packages('terra')

Monthly Downloads

228,887

Version

1.8-86

License

GPL (>= 3)

Homepage

https://rspatial.org/

Maintainer

Robert Hijmans

Last Published

November 28th, 2025

Functions in terra (1.8-86)

Layers representing colors

Add (in place) a SpatRaster to another SpatRaster or to a SpatRasterDataset or SpatRasterCollection

SpatRaster-class

SpatRaster class

add vertical and/or horizontal lines to a map made with terra

Animate a SpatRaster

Number of immediate adjacent cells flowing into each cell

Apply a function to the cells of a SpatRaster

SpatVector-class

Class "SpatVector"

SpatExtent-class

Class "SpatExtent"

SpatRaster or SpatVector to data.frame

Conversion to a SpatVector of polygons

Compare two SpatRaster, SpatVector, or SpatExtent objects for equality

Align a SpatExtent

Coerce a Spat* object to a list

Aggregate raster or vector data

Active category

autocorrelation

Spatial autocorrelation

Conversion to a SpatVector of lines

Conversion to a SpatVector of points

Coerce to a "raster" object

Bar plot of a SpatRaster

Two argument arc-tangent

Detect boundaries (edges)

Coercion to vector, matrix or array

tighten SpatRaster or SpatRasterDataset objects

Box plot of SpatRaster data

Combine SpatRaster or SpatVector objects

Adjacent cells or polygons

Create a buffer around vector geometries or raster patches

Create a text representation of (the skeleton of) an object

Factors to numeric

Area covered by each raster cell

Cut out a geographic subset

Make a SpatRaster method memory-safe

Classify (or reclassify) cell values

clamp time series data

Compare-methods

Compare and logical methods

deprecated methods

Get cell numbers

Compare geometries

Get the coordinates of SpatVector geometries or SpatRaster cells

Estimate values for cell values that are NA by interpolating between layers

Query by clicking on a map

Concatenate categorical rasters

Draw a polygon, line, extent, or points

Combine geometries

depth of SpatRaster layers

Replace values with values from another object

Add additional nodes to lines or polygons

Extract values for a range of layers from a SpatRaster

Create, get or set a SpatExtent

Get or set a coordinate reference system

Lagged differences

Make a dot-density map

Data type of a SpatRaster or SpatVector

Convex, concave, rectangular and circular hulls

Subdivide a raster or polygons

Dimensions of a SpatRaster or SpatVector and related objects

Geographic distance

Get the expanse (area) of individual polygons or for all (summed) raster cells

Disaggregate raster cells or vector geometries

Distance on a grid

extract values along lines

Remove or extract holes from polygons, or fill holes in raster data

Fill time gaps in a SpatRaster

Erase parts of a SpatVector object

Extract values from a SpatRaster

Find gaps between polygons

Focal weights matrix

Focal function across two layers

Compute focal values with an iterating C++ function

flowAccumulation

Flow accumulation

Flip or reverse a raster

Focal regression

Frequency table

Get the geometry (coordinates) of a SpatVector

Compare two SpatRaster, SpatVector or SpatExtent objects for equality

Get focal values

Add halo-ed text to a plot

Interpolate points using a moving window

ifelse for SpatRasters

force counter-clockwise polygons

Create a graticule

Categorical rasters

head and tail of a SpatRaster or SpatVector

Initialize a SpatRaster with values

Raster value types

Spatial interpolation

Check for rotation

Geometry type of a SpatVector

SpatRaster image method

Correlation and (weighted) covariance

GDAL version, supported file formats, and cache size

Check or fix polygon or extent validity

Check for longitude/latitude crs

global statistics

Three-dimensional focal values

Impose the geometry of a SpatRaster to those in a SpatRasterCollection.

Apply a function to layers of a SpatRaster, or sub-datasets of a SpatRasterDataset

Make an inset map

Change values in-place

Memory available and needed

Value matching for SpatRasters

Make a VRT header file

Make tiles or get their extents

Linear units of the coordinate reference system

Nearest neighbor interpolation

Get the coordinates of the extent of a map

Is a SpatRaster is flipped

merge SpatRasters by timelines to create a single timeseries

add a grid to a map made with terra

Set or get metadata

Check if a SpatExtent or SpatVector is empty

add a custom legend

General mathematical methods

Mask values in a SpatRaster or SpatVector

color palettes for mapping

Perspective plot

Names of Spat* objects

nearby geometries

Number of segments

Find and remove geometries that are NA

Pit Finder in a Flow Dir SpatRaster for Watershed Extraction

normalize.longitude

normalize vector data that crosses the dateline

Red-Green-Blue plot of a multi-layered SpatRaster

Add points, lines, or polygons to a map

SpatRaster PCA with prcomp

Perimeter or length

Detect patches (clumps) of cells

Plot a SpatExtent

Merge SpatRasters, or merge a SpatVector with a data.frame

Plot with leaflet

mosaic SpatRasters

Pairs plot (matrix of scatterplots)

Change the coordinate reference system

SpatRaster PCA with princomp

Rasterize vector data

Spatial model predictions

Get or compute the minimum and maximum cell values

Quantiles of spatial data

Rasterize geometric properties of vector data

Read from, or write to, file

Combine row, column, and layer numbers

Fill layers with a range

Rectify a SpatRaster

Plot a graticule

Cell level regression

Replicate layers

Rasterize points with a moving window

Rotate data along longitude

Replace with $<-

Rolling (moving) functions

Transfer values of a SpatRaster to another one with a different geometry

Query a SpatVectorProxy object

Replace values of a SpatRaster

Replace layers or variables

Spatial relationships between geometries

Create a SpatRaster

Compare coordinate reference systems

Scale values linearly

row/col sums and means for SpatRaster

Scatterplot of two SpatRaster layers

select cells with high or low values

Take a regular sample

saveRDS and serialize for SpatVector and SpatRaster*

Create a SpatRasterDataset

spin a SpatVector

Subset a SpatRaster or a SpatVector

Sort a SpatRaster or SpatVector

Spatial selection

Select the values of a range of layers, as specified by cell values in another SpatRaster

Scale (gain) and offset

Split a SpatRaster or SpatVector

Apply a terra function that takes only a single layer and returns a SpatRaster to all layers of a SpatRaster

simplifyGeom geometries

Subset a SpatRaster or a SpatVector

Data sources of a SpatRaster

Set the values of raster cells or of geometry attributes

Subset a SpatRaster or a SpatVector

Create a SpatRasterCollection

Create a SpatVectorCollection

Symmetrical difference

Extract values from a SpatRaster, SpatVector or SpatExtent

Description of the methods in the terra package

Apply a function to subsets of layers of a SpatRaster

replace cell values

Compute surface area from elevation data

Add labels to a map

Temporary files

Read all cell values into memory

Union SpatVector or SpatExtent objects

terrain characteristics

Trim a SpatRaster

time of SpatRaster layers

Vector topology methods

variable and long variable names

Voronoi diagram and Delaunay triangles

units of SpatRaster or SpatRasterDataSet

Virtual Raster Dataset

List or remove layers from a vector file

Cell values and geometry attributes

Weighted mean of layers

Create SpatVector objects

filenames of VRT tiles

wrap and unwrap

SpatVector geometric properties

Write raster data to a NetCDF file

Change values in a file

Catchment delineation

Where are the cells with the min or max values?

Compute a viewshed

Which cells are TRUE?

SpatRaster wrap with caching options

Get or set single values of an extent

Coordinates from a row, column or cell number and vice versa

Zoom in on a map

Zonal statistics

Apply a function to the cells of two SpatRasters

Write SpatVector data to a file

Write raster data to a file